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Rb¥jMœ †_‡K evsjv‡`k cÖvq cÖwZwU AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§j‡b mwµq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| mg„× n‡q‡Q| mg„× K‡i‡Q| wek¦bvix D‡`¨v‡Mi avivevwnKZvq PZz_© wek¦bvix m‡¤§j‡bi cÖ¯ÍywZ c‡e© 1994 mv‡j RvKvZ©vq AbywôZ wØZxq Gkxq I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq bvix Dbœqb welqK gš¿x ch©v‡qi m‡¤§j‡b RvKvZ©v †NvlYv I Kg© cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq| G †NvlYvq ejv nq, ÿgZv e›Ub I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î bvix-cyiæ‡li gv‡S Zxeª AmgZv we`¨gvb| G AmgZv I mxgve×Zv wbim‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvimg~n‡K D‡`¨vM wb‡Z ZvwM` †`Iqv nq| KgbI‡qj_ 1995 mv‡j †RÛvi I Dbœqb Kg©-cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i| mvK© †`kmg~n I bvix-Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Kg© cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i|
1995 mv‡ji 4-15 †m‡Þ¤^i †eBwRs PZz_© wek¦bvix m‡¤§j‡b †eBwRs †NvlYv I Kg© cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq| †eBwRs Kg© cwiKíbvq bvix Dbœq‡b 12 wU we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ÿÎ wPwýZ nq| †ÿθ‡jv n‡jv - Ôbvixi µgea©gvb `vwi`ªÕ, Ôwkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Amg my‡hvMÕ, Ô¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Amg my‡hvMÕ, Ôbvix wbh©vZbÕ, Ômk¯¿ msN‡l©i wkKvi bvixÕ, ÔA_©‰bwZK m¤ú‡` bvixi mxwgZ AwaKviÕ, Ôwm×všÍ MÖnY I ÿgZvi AskMÖn‡Y AmgZvÕ, Ôbvix Dbœq‡b Ach©vß cÖvwZôvwbK AeKvVv‡gvÕ, Ôbvixi gvbevwaKvi j•NbÕ, ÔMYgva¨‡g bvixi †bwZevPK cÖwZdjb Ges AcÖZzj AskMÖnYÕ, Ôcwi‡ek msiÿY I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡` bvixi mxwgZ AwaKviÕ Ges Ô†g‡q wkïi cÖwZ ˆelg¨Õ| Gme AmgZv DËi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ RvZxq cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k ‡eBwRs cø¨vUdig di GKk‡b wbkZ© ¯^vÿi `vb K‡i|
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†eBwRs †NvlYvi c‡ii eQi 1996 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wbe©vPbx †gwb‡d‡÷v‡Z evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM RvZxq bvixbxwZ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †`kevmxi Kv‡Q Iqv`ve× nq| Z`vbymv‡i 1997 mv‡ji 8 gvP© ZrKvjxb miKvi cÖavb, cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv bvixbxwZ Õ97 †NvlYv K‡ib| G mg‡q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi D‡`¨v‡M ‡eBwRs cø¨vUdig di GKkb Gi ev¯Íevqb m¤úwK©Z 264 c„ôvi bvix Dbœq‡b RvZxq cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡`i D‡`¨vM,mgvR msMVK I Gb wR I †`i wbijm cwikª‡g bvixbxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYxZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ `y:†Li welq, H mgqKv‡jI †NvwlZ bxwZ msm‡` DÌvwcZ nqwb Ges †cÖwÿZ AvBbI cÖYxZ nqwb|
ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv 2001 mv‡j weGbwc †RvU miKvi ÿgZvq _vKvKv‡j G bxwZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© BwZevPK kãmg~n cwieZ©b K‡i bxwZ‡K †bwZevPK K‡i †Zv‡j| Z‡e G bxwZi cÖKvk¨ †NvlYv †`Lv hvq wb| G welq RvbvRvwbi ci bvix mgv‡Ri Zxeª Av‡›`vjb I Am‡šÍv‡li gy‡L ZË¡veavqK miKvi bvixi DËivwaKvi welq‡K wKQzUv cvk KvwU‡q bvixbxwZ 2008 †NvlYv K‡i| bxwZ †NvlYvi gyn~‡Z©B ag©xq ivR‰bwZK `‡ji R¡vjvI, †cvovI, ûgwKi gy‡L GwU wngvMv‡i P‡j hvq| ¯’wei nq evsjv‡`‡k bvixi AwaKvi ev¯Íevqb Kg©cwiKíbv|
Avgv‡`i †mŠfvM¨, 2008 Gi wbe©vP‡b gnv‡RvU miKv‡ii eo `j evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM bvixbxwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi K_v †`q| cieZ©x‡Z Ryb 2009 Gi cÖ`Ë ev‡R‡U miKvi bvixbxwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi my`„p †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡i| eZ©gv‡b G bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ miKv‡ii D‡`¨vM jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| m‡PZb RYMb g‡b K‡i GwU miKv‡ii GKwU BwZevPK D‡`¨vM| GLb G bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Avgv‡`i ‰bwZK bvMwiK `vwqZ¡|
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i‡q‡Q wek¦ †cÖÿvcU I evsjv‡`‡ki K_v| ejv n‡q‡Q 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`k cÖ_g wek¦ bvix m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡qwQj| G m‡¤§j‡b 1976-1985 mvj‡K bvix`kK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| 1979 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡` bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi ˆelg¨ we‡jvc mb` wmWI M„nxZ nq| 3 †m‡Þ¤^i 1981 †_‡K GwU Kvh©Kix nq| bvixi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK wej Ae ivBUm e‡j wPwš’Z G `wjj bvixi AwaKvi msiÿ‡Yi GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© gvb`Û e‡j we‡ewPZ| evsjv‡`k 1984 mv‡j 2, 13(K), 16(K) I (P) G msiÿYmn GB mb` AYy¯^vÿi K‡i|
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cÖ_g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq bvix‡`i Rb¨ e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP Pvjy K‡i| wØevwl©K cwiKíbvq (1978-80) bvixi Kg©ms¯’vb I `ÿZve„w×i Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq| 1985-90 G Z…Zxq cÂevwl©Kxi Kg©m~wP GKB ai‡Yi wQj| PZz_© cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq (1990-95) bvix Dbœqb‡K mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Ask wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i bvix‡K Dbœq‡bi g~j †mªvZavivq m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ D‡`¨vM M„nxZ nq|
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1997 c~e© bvix wbh©vZb wPÎwU Gfv‡e G‡m‡QÐhw`I B‡Zvg‡a¨ ‡ek wKQz AvBb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q, Gme AvB‡bi †gŠwjK ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb| wewfbœ c`‡ÿc m‡Ë¡I †g‡q wkïi Ae¯’vi we‡kl cwieZ©b N‡Uwb| †g‡q wkïi evj¨weevn, cvPvi, wbh©vZb I Ace¨envi Pj‡Q Ae¨vnZfv‡e| e„nËi mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U †g‡q wkïi mvs¯‹…wZK, gvbwmK Ges eyw×e„wËK weKv‡k D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek m„wó nqwb| MÖvg¨ mvwjwki gva¨‡g ag©xq Ace¨vL¨v w`‡q 101 †`viiv, MZ© K‡i cv_i gviv, cywo‡q gvivi NUbvI G‡`‡k N‡U‡Q| bvix wbh©vZ‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKwU D‡ØMRbK welq n‡jv ivóªxq Z_v cywj‡ki wbh©vZb| wbKU AZx‡Z cywj‡ki nv‡Z †ek wKQz bvix wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q, GgbwK cywjk Øviv bvix awl©Z I wbnZ n‡q‡Q| bvix wbh©vZ‡bi gvgjv¸‡jv Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ h‡_ó d‡ibwmK myweav GLbI M‡o I‡Vwb| bvix I †g‡q wkï wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai j‡ÿ¨ †`‡ki 10 wU †Rjvq bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb Av`vjZ ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
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